Edward became King of England at the age of nine and reigned for over six years. He was the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, his third wife. His father took every precaution to protect him from any infection, especially from contact with someone who was ill, because having a male successor was crucial.
There were specific orders to have the dishes done immediately, the floors scrubbed twice a day, and the food carefully prepared. In this way, Mark Twain used Edward as inspiration for his story The Prince and the Pauper.
Edward was in good health until April 1552, when he passed through an acute illness with a rash, perhaps smallpox or measles, or even both at the same time. This was followed by a bout of fever at the age of four. By the middle of the year 1552 he was completely cured.
Edward became unwell in January 1553, suffering from fever, worsening weakness and shortness of breath. A chronic cough that produced greenish-yellow and black blood-stained phlegm bothered him. He had to lie on his back because his legs were swollen. He worsened worse and died in July 1553.
During the autopsy, two sizable “decaying sores” were discovered in his lungs. He is said to have been in contact with several relatives who probably suffered from tuberculosis, including his grandfather Henry VII, his paternal uncle, Prince Arthur, and his half-brother, the Duke of Richmond.
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His doctors stated that he had died of consumption, interpreted as tuberculosis. In addition, it has been argued that his previous illness – possibly measles – had weakened his natural immunity to illness, a situation well explained in the medical literature.
However, other historians claim that the patient initially had pneumonia, which led to a lung abscess, septicemia, and kidney failure.
The National Gallery in Washington houses a picture of Prince Edward at age one (1538) by the German-born artist Holbein the Younger (1497–1543). At the age of 29, Holbein made his first trip to England and immediately gained recognition as a portrait painter on a world scale.
He was appointed as the sole court portrait painter of King Henry VIII, and among the portraits he painted for the king were those of future wives. He held this position until his death in 1543.
The portrait of Edward at his coronation (circa 1546) is adapted from that in the National Portrait Gallery in London and is attributed to the Dutch Mannerist painter William Scrots, who succeeded Hans Holbein as Henry VIII’s royal painter in 1546 and earned more than twice Holbein’s annual salary of thirty pounds.
After Edward VI’s death, Scrots’ income was cut off and he is believed to have fled England, but little is known of his afterlife. Scots fulfilled this role throughout Edward VI’s tenure.
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